【英語】temple のイメージ
皆が知ってる”temple”
“Temple”という単語を聞いてあなたは何をイメージしますか？
私は「お寺」のイメージが頭に浮かびます。
そもそも”temple”という単語は
高校レベル、センター試験対策レベルの英単語であり、英検準2級の英単語です。
しかし、「高校レベルの英単語」も
ナメてはいけません。
皆が知らない”temple”
ここで英語の問題。
下の英文の意味は分かりますか？
"A wasp attacked me and stung me on the temple "
日本語訳は...
「スズメバチが襲ってきて私のこめかみを刺した」
と分かるけど
「こめかみ」ってどっから出てきたん？
と思いますよね？
“temple” = 「こめかみ」
という意味もあります、実は。
額(ひたい)の側面の平たい部分
額の側面にある薄い皮膚
古いフランス語 temple= 額の側面
ラテン語 tempora= 額の側面
参照 Online Etymology Dictionary | Origin, history and meaning of English words
お寺にある大仏のひろ〜い「こめかみ」を
想像すると覚えやすいですね。
語源イメージとしては
temp= " to stretch " (距離・時間の長さ、一続き)
tempの語源は"to stretch"と思われる
その語源から ten= " to stretch "
もっと詳しく
temper(動詞)
古い英語 "temprian" = "節制する、やわらげる、適切・適当な状態に持っていく、ある程度の尺に持ち込むために加減する"
古いラテン語 "tempus" = "適度に調合(mix)する"
"tempus"の語源= "stretch" ⇒意味変化を経て⇒"measuring"
"measuring" = 「硬質に伸縮自由に」
"stretching" = "measuring"
楽器のピッチを調整する
*1https://www.etymonline.com/word/temple
"flattened area on either side of the forehead," mid-14c., from Old French temple "side of the forehead" (11c.), from Vulgar Latin *tempula (plural taken as fem. singular), from Latin tempora, plural of tempus (genitive temporis) "side of the forehead," generally accepted as having originally meant "the thin stretch of skin at the side of the forehead" and being from PIE *temp- "to stretch," an extension of root *ten- "to stretch." The sense development would be from "stretchings" to "stretched skin."
*2
https://www.etymonline.com/word/temper
late Old English temprian "to moderate, bring to a proper or suitable state, to modify some excessive quality, to restrain within due limits," from Latin temperare "observe proper measure, be moderate, restrain oneself," also transitive, "mix correctly, mix in due proportion; regulate, rule, govern, manage." This is often described as from Latin tempus "time, season" (see temporal), with a sense of "proper time or season." But as the root sense of tempus seems to be "stretch," the words in the "restrain, modify" sense might be from a semantic shift from "stretching" to "measuring" (compare temple (n.1)). Meaning "to make (steel) hard and elastic" is from late 14c. Sense of "tune the pitch of a musical instrument" is recorded from c. 1300. Related: Tempered; tempering.
